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{{see also|Khagan|Khanate|Khan (surname)}}
{{merge|Khagan|date=November 2016}}

{{Expert needed|Central Asia|date=January 2009}}

'''Khan''' ({{lang-mn|хан/{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠᠨ}}|translit=khan/qan}}; {{lang-tr|han'' or ''hakan}}; [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]: ''xan''; [[Ottoman language|Ottoman]]: ''han''; [[Old Turkic alphabet|Old Turkic]]: {{OldTurkicUnicode|𐰴𐰍𐰣|kaɣan}}, ''kaɣan''; [[Chinese language|Chinese]]: 可汗, ''kèhán''; [[Goguryeo language|Goguryeo]] : 皆, ''key''; [[Silla language|Silla]]: 干, ''kan''; [[Baekje language|Baekje]]: 瑕, ''ke''; [[Manchu language|Manchu]]: {{MongolUnicode|ᡥᠠᠨ}}; [[Persian language|Pashto]]: خان; {{lang-ur|{{nastaliq|خان}}}}; [[Baloch language|Balochi]]: خان; [[Hindi]]: ख़ान; [[Nepali language|Nepali]]: खाँ; [[Bengali language|Bengali]]: খান; [[Bulgar language|Bulgarian]]: хан{{efn|[[:bg:Хан Аспарух (пояснение)]]}}; [[Chuvash language|Chuvash]]: хун, ''hun'') is originally a title for a sovereign or a military ruler, widely used by medieval nomadic Mongolic and later Turkic tribes living to the north of China. "Khan" also occurs as a title in the [[Xianbei]] confederation<ref name="Henning, W. B. p501-522">Henning, W. B., 'A Farewell to the Khagan of the Aq-Aqataran',"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African studies – University of London", Vol 14, No 3, pp. 501–522</ref> for their chief between 283 and 289.<ref>Zhou 1985, pp. 3–6</ref> The [[Rouran]]s were the first people who used the titles ''[[khagan]]'' and ''khan'' for their emperors.<ref name="Grousset">{{cite book
|author = [[René Grousset]]
|title = The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia now
|publisher = Rutgers University Press
|year = 1988
|pages = 61, 585, n. 92.
|ISBN = 0-8135-1304-9
}}</ref>
Subsequently the [[Ashina]] adopted the title and brought it to the rest of Asia. In the middle of the sixth century the [[Iranian peoples|Iranians]] knew of a "Kagan – King of the Turks".<ref name="Henning, W. B. p501-522" />

''Khan'' now has many equivalent meanings such as "commander", "leader", or "ruler" "king" "chief". {{As of | 2015}} khans exist in [[South Asia]], [[Middle East]], [[Central Asia]], Eastern Europe and Turkey. The female alternatives are [[Khatun]], [[Khatoon]] and [[Khanum]]. These titles or names are sometimes written as ''Han'', ''Kan'', ''[[Hakan]]'', ''Hanum'', or ''Hatun'' (in Turkey) and as "xan", "xanım" (in Azerbaijan). Various Mongolic and Turkic peoples from Central Asia gave the title new prominence after period of the [[Mongol Empire]] (1206–1368) in the Old World and later brought the title "khan" into Northern Asia, where locals later adopted it. [[Khagan]] is rendered{{by whom|date=October 2015}} as ''Khan of Khans''. It was the title of Chinese Emperor [[Emperor Taizong of Tang]] (''[[Tian Kehan|Heavenly Khagan]]'', reigned 626 to 649), and also the title of [[Genghis Khan]] and of the persons selected to rule the Mongol Empire. For instance [[Möngke Khan]] (reigned 1251-1259) and [[Ogedei Khan]] (reigned 1229-1241) would be "Khagans" but not [[Chagatai Khan]], who was not proclaimed ruler of the Mongol Empire by the [[kurultai]].<ref>
Fairbank, John King. ''The Cambridge History of China''. [[Cambridge University Press]], 1978. [https://books.google.com/books?id=iN9Tdfdap5MC&pg=PA367&dq=khan+turkic+title&lr=&hl=tr&sig=nn4X0pxXK9qe9ByEr-NmoDl1Yog p. 367]
</ref>

== Khanate rulers and dynasties ==
{{Main article|Khanate}}

=== Ruling khans ===
Originally khans headed only relatively minor tribal entities, generally in or near the vast Mongolian and North Chinese steppe, the scene of an almost endless procession of nomadic people riding out into the history of the neighbouring sedentary regions. Some managed to establish principalities of some importance for a while, as their military might repeatedly proved a serious threat to such empires as China and kingdoms in Central Asia.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}{{tone inline|date=January 2015}}

One of the earliest notable examples of such principalities in Europe was [[Danube Bulgaria]] (presumably also [[Old Great Bulgaria]]), ruled by a ''khan'' or a ''kan'' at least from the 7th to the 9th century. It should be noted that the title "khan" is not attested directly in inscriptions and texts referring to Bulgar rulers – the only similar title found so far, ''[[Kanasubigi]]'', has been found solely in the inscriptions of three consecutive Bulgarian rulers, namely [[Krum]], [[Omurtag]] and [[Malamir of Bulgaria|Malamir]] (a grandfather, son and grandson). Starting from the compound, non-ruler titles that were attested among Bulgarian noble class such as ''kavkhan'' (vicekhan), ''tarkhan'', and ''boritarkhan'', scholars derive the title ''khan'' or ''kan'' for the early Bulgarian leader – if there was a vicekhan (''kavkhan'') there was probably a "full" ''khan'', too. Compare also the rendition of the name of early Bulgarian ruler [[Pagan of Bulgaria|Pagan]] as {{lang|grc|Καμπαγάνος}} (''Kampaganos''), likely resulting from a misinterpretation of "Kan Pagan", in [[Ecumenical Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople|Patriarch Nicephorus]]'s so-called [[canonical hours|Breviarium]]<ref>Източници за българската история – Fontes historiae bulgaricae. VI. Fontes graeci historiae Bulgaricae. БАН, София. p.305 (in [[Byzantine Greek language|Byzantine Greek]] and Bulgarian). [http://kroraina.com/NI/izvori/GIBI_III/GIBI%20III.djvu Also available online]</ref> In general, however, the inscriptions as well as other sources designate the supreme ruler of Danube Bulgaria with titles that exist in the language in which they are written – ''archontеs'', meaning 'commander or magistrate' in [[Greek language|Greek]], and ''[[knyaz]]e'', meaning "duke" or "prince" in [[Slavic languages|Slavic]]. Among the best known Bulgar khans were: [[Khan Kubrat]], founder of [[Great Bulgaria]]; [[Khan Asparukh]], founder of ''Danubian Bulgaria'' (today's [[Bulgaria]]); [[Tervel|Khan Tervel]], who defeated the [[Arab]] invaders in 718 [[Siege of Constantinople (718)]], thus stopped the Arab invasion in Southeast Europe; [[Khan Krum]], "the Terrible". "Khan" was the official title of the ruler until 864 AD, when [[Boris I of Bulgaria|Kniaz Boris]] (known also as [[Boris I of Bulgaria|Tsar Boris I]]) adopted the [[Eastern Orthodox]] faith.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}

[[File:East-Hem 1200ad.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Eurasia]] on the eve of the Mongol invasions, c. AD 1200.]]

The title Khan became unprecedently prominent when the Mongol [[Genghis Khan|Temüjin]] created the [[Mongol empire]], the greatest land empire the world has ever seen, which he ruled as [[Genghis Khan]]. His title was ''[[khagan]]'', or "Khan of Khans", but has often been abbreviated to Khan (rather like the Persian ''Shahanshah'' -also meaning "[[King of Kings]]"- is usually called [[Shah]], equally incorrect, in most Western languages) or described as "Great Khan" (like the Ottoman Padishah being called "Great Sultan"). The great leader was regarded as a khan in the middle east and Asia. Ming Dynasty Chinese Emperors also used the term Xan to denote brave warriors and rulers. The title Khan was used to designate the greatest rulers of the [[Jurchens]], who, later when known as the [[Manchus]], founded the Manchu [[Qing dynasty]].

Once more, there would be numerous khanates in the steppe in and around Central Asia, often more of a people than a territorial state, e.g.:{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}
* of the [[Kazakhs]] (founded 1465; since 1601 divided into three geographical ''[[Jüz]]'' or Hordes, each under a [[bey]]; in 1718 split into three different khanates; eliminated by the [[Russian Empire]] by 1847)
* in present [[Uzbekistan]], the main khanate, named after its capital [[Bukhara]], was founded in 1500 and restyled [[emirate]] in 1753 (after three Persian governors since 1747); the [[Ferghana]] (valley's) khanate broke way from it by 1694 and became known as the [[Khanate of Kokand]] after its capital [[Kokand]] from its establishment in 1732; the khanate of [[Khwarezm]], dating from c.1500, became the [[Khanate of Khiva]] in 1804 but fell soon under Russian protectorate; [[Karakalpakstan]] had its own rulers (khans?) since c. 1600.

While most Afghan principalities were styled emirate, there was a khanate of ethnic Uzbeks in [[Badakhshan]] since 1697.

Khan was also the title of the rulers of various break-away states and principalities later in [[Persia]], e.g. 1747–1808 Khanate of [[Ardabil]] (in northwestern Iran east of Sarab and west of the southwest corner of the Caspian Sea), 1747–1813 Khanate of [[Khoy]] (northwestern Iran, north of Lake Urmia, between Tabriz and Lake Van), 1747–1829 Khanate of [[Maku, Iran|Maku]] (in extreme northwestern Iran, northwest of Khoy, and 60 miles south of Yerevan, Armenia), 1747–1790s Khanate of [[Sarab Khanate|Sarab]] (northwestern Iran east of Tabriz), 1747 – c.1800 Khanate of [[Tabriz]] (capital of Iranian Azerbeidjan).{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}

There were [[Khanates of the Caucasus|various small khanates]] in and near [[Transcaucasia]] and [[Ciscaucasia]] established by the Iranian [[Safavids]], or their successive Iranian [[Afsharid dynasty|Afsharid]] and [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar dynasties]] outside their territories of [[Persia]] proper. For example, in present [[Armenia]] and nearby territories to the left and right, there was the khanate of [[Erivan Khanate|Erivan]] (sole incumbent 1807–1827 Hosein Quli Khan Qajar). Diverse khanates existed in [[Derbent khanate|Dagestan]] (now part of Russia), [[Azerbaijan]], including [[Baku Khanate|Baku]] (present capital), [[Ganja Khanate|Ganja]], [[Jawad]], [[Quba Khanate|Quba]] (Kuba), [[Salyan, Azerbaijan|Salyan]], [[Shaki Khanate|Shakki]] ([[Shaki Khanate|Sheki]], ruler style ''Bashchi'' since 1743) and Shirvan=[[Shirvan Khanate|Shamakha]] (1748–1786 temporarily split into [[Khoja Shamakha]] and [[Yeni Shamakha]]), [[Talysh Khanate|Talysh]] (1747–1814); [[Nakhichevan Khanate|Nakhichevan]] and (Nagorno) [[Karabakh khanate|Karabakh]].

As hinted above, the title Khan was also common in some of the polities of the various – generally Islamic – peoples in the territories of the Mongol [[Golden Horde]] and its successor states, which, like the Mongols in general, were commonly called [[Tatar|Ta(r)tars]]{{efn|The spelling with 'r' is due to a confusion with ''[[tartaros]]'', the classical Greek hell. Genghis Khan's conquering, ransacking Mongol hordes terrorized Islam and Christianity without precedent, as if the apocalypse had started.}} by Europeans and Russians, and were all eventually subdued by Muscovia which became the Russian Empire. The most important of these states were:{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}
* [[Khanate of Kazan]] (the Mongol term khan became active since Genghizide dynasty was settled in [[Kazan Duchy]] in 1430s).
* [[Khanate of Sibir|Sibir]] Khanate (giving its name to Siberia as the first significant conquest during Russia's great eastern expansion across the Ural range)
* [[Astrakhan Khanate]]
* [[Crimean Khanate]].
[[File:Navaanneren.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Navaanneren]], Minister of the Interior, who along with the 23rd [[Tüsheet Khan|Tushiyetu Khan]] Dorjsurenkhoroljav (1908-1937) was the last Khan in Mongolia. He was executed during the [[Stalinist repressions in Mongolia|great purges]] of 1937.]]

Further east, in [[Xinjiang]] flank:{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}
* Khanate of [[Kashgaria]] founded in 1514; 17th century divided into several minor khanates without importance, real power going to the so-called [[Khwaja]], Arabic Islamic religious leaders; title changed to [[Amir]] Khan in 1873, annexed by China in 1877.

=== Compound and derived princely titles ===
[[File:Mongol dominions1.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Mongol Empire's largest extent outlined in red; the [[Timurid Empire]] is shaded]]

The higher, rather imperial title [[Khaqan]] ("''Khan of Khans''") applies to probably the most famous rulers known as ''Khan'': the [[Mongol]] imperial dynasty of [[Genghis Khan]] (his name was Temüjin, ''Genghis'' Khan a never fully understood unique title), and his successors, especially grandson [[Kublai Khan]]: the former founded the [[Mongol Empire]] and the latter founded the [[Yuan Dynasty]] in [[China]]. The ruling descendants of the main branch of Genghis Khan's dynasty are referred to as the ''Great Khans''.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}

The title ''Khan of Khans'' was among numerous titles used by the [[Sultan]]s of the [[Ottoman empire]] as well as the rulers of the [[Golden Horde]] and its descendant states. The title ''Khan'' was also used in the [[Seljuk Turks|Seljuk Turk]] dynasties of the near-east to designate a head of multiple tribes, clans or nations, who was below an [[Atabeg]] in rank. [[Jurchen people|Jurchen]] and [[Manchu]] rulers also used the title Khan (''Han'' in [[Manchu language|Manchu]]); for example, [[Nurhaci]] was called Genggiyen Han. Rulers of the [[Göktürks]], [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]] and [[Khazars]] used the higher title Kaghan, as rulers of distinct nations.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}
* '''Gur Khan''', meaning supreme or universal Khan, was the ruler of the Khitan [[Kara-Kitai]], and has occasionally been used by the Mongols as well
* '''[[Ilkhan]]''', both a generic term for a 'provincial Khan' ''and'' traditional royal style for one of the four khanates in Genghis's succession, based in Persia. See [[Ilkhan|the main article]] for more details.

* '''Khan-i-Khanan''' ({{lang-fa|خان خانان}}, "Lord of Lords") was a title given to the commander-in-chief of the army of the [[Mughals]], an example being [[Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana]] of the great [[Mughal emperor]], [[Akbar]]'s (and later his son Jahangir's) army.
* '''Khan Sahib [[Shri]] [[Babi (title)|Babi]]''' was the complex title of the ruler of the [[South Asia]] [[princely state]] of [[Bantva-Manavadar]] (state founded 1760; September 1947 acceded to Pakistan, but 15 February 1948 forced to rescind accession to Pakistan, to accede to India after Khan Sahib's arrest).
* In southern [[Korea]]n states, the word ''Han'' or ''Gan'', meaning "leader", possibly derived from Khan, was used for various ruling princes, until [[Silla]], one of the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]], united them under a now hereditary king, titled [[Maripgan]], meaning the 'head of kings' (e.g. King Naemul Maripgan).
* '''[[Khatun]]''', or '''Khatan''' ({{lang-fa|خاتون}}) – a title of European [[Sogdian language|Sogdian]] origin<ref name="CF">Carter Vaughn Findley, "Turks in World History", Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 45: "... Many elements of Non-Turkic origin also became part of Türk statecraft [...] for example, as in the case of khatun [...] and beg [...] both terms being of Sogdian origin and ever since in common use in Turkish. ..."</ref><ref name="FM">Fatima Mernissi, "The Forgotten Queens of Islam", University of Minnesota Press, 1993. pg 21: ''"... Khatun 'is a title of Sogdian origin borne by the wives and female relatives of the Tu-chueh and subsequent Turkish Rulers ..."''</ref><ref>Leslie P. Peirce, "The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire", Oxford University Press, 1993. pg 312: ''"... On the title Khatun, see Boyle, 'Khatun', 1933, according to whom it was of Soghdian origin and was borne by wives and female relations of various Turkish Rulers. ..."''</ref> – is roughly equal to a [[monarch|King]]'s [[Queen consort|queen]] in [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] and [[Turkic languages]], as by this title a ruling Khan's Queen-consort (wife) is designated with similar respect after their proclamation as Khan and Khatun. Also used in [[Hazari language|Hazari]] (instead of Khanum). Famous Khatuns include:
** [[Töregene Khatun]]
** [[Habba Khatun]]
* '''[[Khanum]]''' ({{lang-tr|Hanım}}; {{lang-az|Xanım}}; {{lang-fa|خانم}}) is another female derivation of Khan, notably in Turkic languages, for a Khan's Queen-consort, or in some traditions extended as a courtesy title (a bit like Lady for women not married to a Lord, which is the situation modern [[Turkish language|Turkish]]) to the wives of holders of various other (lower) titles; in Afghanistan, for example, it ended up as the common term for 'Miss', any unmarried woman. In the modern [[Kazakh language]], '''Khatun''' is a derogatory term for women, while '''Khanum''' has a respectful meaning.
*'''[[Khan Bahadur (title)]]''' - a compound of khan (leader) and Bahadur (Brave) - was a formal title of respect and honour, which was conferred exclusively on Muslim subjects of the British Indian Empire.[1] It was a title one degree higher than the title of Khan Sahib.
** The compound '''Galin Khanum''' – literally, "lady bride" – was the title accorded to the principal noble wife of a [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]]
* '''[[Khanzada]]''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|خانزاده راجپوت}}}}) is a title conferred to princes of the dynasties of certain princely states.
** Sardargarh-Bantva ''(Muslim Babi dynasty, fifth class state in [[Kathiawar]]'', [[Gujarat]]) in front of the personal name, [[Shri]] in between; the ruler replaces Khanzada by khan.
* [[Khaqan]] or Khakhan ([[Old Turkic alphabet|Old Turkic]]: {{OldTurkicUnicode|𐰴𐰍𐰣|kaɣan}}, ''kaɣan'')<ref>Fairbank 1978, [https://books.google.com/books?id=iN9Tdfdap5MC&pg=PA367&dq=khan+turkic+title&lr=&hl=tr&sig=nn4X0pxXK9qe9ByEr-NmoDl1Yog p. 367]</ref> is used as a title in [[Pakistan]].
* Khandan ('Khan holder') means "[[Family]]" in [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] (ख़ानदान <small>([[Devanagari]])</small>, خاندان <small>([[Nastaleeq]])</small>).
* '''[[Kanasubigi]]''' or ''Kana subigi'', as it is written in Bulgarian Greek inscriptions, was a title of the [[Bulgars]]. Among the proposed translations for the phrase ''kanasubigi'' as a whole are ''lord of the army'', from the reconstructed [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] phrase ''*sü begi'', paralleling the attested [[Old Turkic]] ''sü baši'',<ref>[http://www.promacedonia.org/vb/vb_5.html Veselin Beševliev, ''Prabylgarski epigrafski pametnici'' - 5]</ref> and, more recently, "(ruler) from God", from the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] ''*su-'' and ''baga-'', i.e. ''*su-baga'' (an equivallent of the [[Greek language|Greek]] phrase {{lang|grc|ὁ ἐκ Θεοῦ ἄρχων}}, ''ho ek Theou archon'', which is common in Bulgar inscriptions)
* '''[[Kavhan]]'''<ref name="mor">Moravcsik, G. Byzantinoturcica II. Sprachreste der Türkvölker in den byzantinischen Quellen. Leiden 1983, ISBN 978-90-04-07132-2, с. 156</ref> or Kaukhan was one of the most important officials in the [[First Bulgarian Empire]]. According to the generally accepted opinion, he was the second most important person in the state after the [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]] ruler. Owais Khan was also believed a Great Khan but no evidences about him are founded.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}
* '''[[Beg Khan]]''' ([[Baig]] or Khan) is title used by some [[Mughals]] and [[Mongols]] like [[Öz Beg Khan|Sultan Mohammed Öz Beg]],<ref>{{Cite web |url = https://www.britannica.com/biography/Oz-Beg |title=Oz Beg {{!}} Mongolian leader |access-date=2016-09-27}}</ref> [[Adina Beg]], etc. and used some [[Islam in India|Indian Muslim]] like General people Moazzam Beg Khans<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://beypeople.live/author/moazzambegkhans |title=MoazzamBegKhans |website=BeyPeople, every story like you |language=en-US |access-date=2016-09-27}}</ref> is a young editor chief in BeyPeople News (social news).<ref>{{Cite web |url = https://beypeople.live/about |title=About |date=2013-08-31|language=en-US |access-date=2016-09-27}}</ref>

==Other khans==
[[File:Brooklyn Museum - Two Khans in Turkoman Tribal Costume One of 274 Vintage Photographs.jpg|thumbnail|''Two Khans in Turkoman Tribal Costume, One of 274 Vintage Photographs''. [[Brooklyn Museum]].]]

===Noble and honorary titles===
In imperial [[Persia]], Khan (female form ''Khanum'' in Persia) was the title of a nobleman, higher than [[Baig|Beg]] (or [[bey]]) and usually used after the given name. At the [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar court]], precedence for those not belonging to the dynasty was mainly structured in eight classes, each being granted an honorary rank title, the fourth of which was Khan, or in this context synonymously Amir, granted to commanders of armed forces, provincial tribal leaders; in descending order.
In neighboring [[Ottoman Turkey]] and subsequently the Republic of Turkey, the term ''Khanum'' was and is still written as [[Mrs.#Non-English equivalents|Hanım]] in [[Turkish language|Turkish]]/[[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]] language. The Ottoman title of [[Hanımefendi]] (lit translated; ''lady of the master''), is also a derivative of this.

The titles Khan and Khan Bahadur Mongolic root ''[[baghatur]]'', related to the [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] ''baatar'' ("brave, hero"); were also bestowed in feudal India by the [[Mughals]], who although Muslims were of Mongolian origin upon Muslims and sometimes Hindus, and later by the [[British Raj]], as an honor akin to the ranks of nobility, often for loyalty to the crown. [[Khan Sahib]] was another title of honour.

In the major [[South Asia]]n Muslim state of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]], Khan was the lowest of the aristocratic titles bestowed by the ruling [[Nizam]] upon Muslim retainers, ranking under ''Khan Bahadur'', [[Nawab]] (homonymous with a high Muslim ruler's title), Jang, [[Al-Dawla|Daula]], [[Mulk]], [[Umara]], [[Jah]]. The equivalent for the courts Hindu retainers was [[Rai (Indian)|Rai]]. In [[Swat (Pakistan)|Swat]], a Pakistani Frontier State, it was the title of the secular elite, who together with the [[Mullah]]s (Muslim clerics), proceeded to elect a new [[Amir-i-Shariyat]] in 1914. It seems unclear whether the series of titles known from the Bengal sultanate are merely honorific or perhaps relate to a military hierarchy.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}

===Other uses (surname)===
{{Main article|Khan (surname)}}
'''Khan''' is a surname as well as an honor. Some of the Hindu Brahmins also worked for the great Mughal Emperor Akbar (AD 1556) and so Akbar honored them as a Khan. Because of this they are using the last name as Khan, but they still belong to Hindu Brahmins.

Like many titles, the meaning of the term has also extended downwards, such as in [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]], and [[Central Asian]] nations, where it has become a common surname.

Khan and its female forms occur in many personal names, generally without any nobiliary of political relevance, although it remains a common part of noble names as well. Notably in [[South Asia]] it has become a part of many South Asian Muslim names, especially when [[Pashtun people|Pathan]] descent is claimed. It is also used by many [[Muslim Rajputs]] of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] were awarded this surname by Turkic Mughals for their bravery.<ref>http://www.khyber.org/articles/2007/StudyofthePathanCommunitiesinF.shtml</ref> Similarly it was awarded to Pashtuns by Turkic and Mongol kings but also the name is claimed to be related to the [[Hebrew]] name Cohen or Kohen. The more plausible explanation is the Hun origin of the Pashtuns. Hun in its original pronunciation is Khun and thus Khan.
During the [[Russian Civil War]] following the [[Bolshevik]] [[October Revolution|takeover of 1917]], [[White Movement|White]] general [[Roman von Ungern-Sternberg]], who, admittedly was trying to reconstitute the empire of [[Genghis Khan]], was often styled as "Ungern Khan" between 1919 and his death in 1921.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}}

In popular culture, Khan ([[Khan Noonien Singh]]) is a villain in the Star Trek universe, typically used as a plot counterweight to [[James T. Kirk|Captain James Tiberius Kirk]]. While not a ruler or nobleman, 'Khan' does have several followers who are, like himself, genetically - modified super soldiers.

==Khan-related terms==
* Khanzadeh ({{lang-tt|Xanzadä}}) – a [[prince]], khan's son
* Khanbikeh ({{lang-tt|Xanbikä}}) – a queen, khan's wife
* [[Khanbaliq]] (or Dadu) – [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] capital which later developed into modern [[Beijing]].
* [[Yörük|Yuruk]] Khans in Ardemush or Erdemuş Village in [[Kailar]]. (see: Ottoman Tapu Archivies)

== See also ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Turco-Mongol]]
* [[List of Mongol rulers]]
* [[Aga Khan]]
* [[Azmatkhan]]
* [[Jirga]]
* [[Khan Khel]]
* [[Khagan]]
* [[Archon]]
* [[King]]
* [[Beg (title)|Beg]]
* [[Beg Khan]]
* [[Shao Khan]]
* [[Meo]]
* [[Elteber]]
* [[Tsar]]
* [[Kaiser]]
* [[Crimean Khanate]]
* [[Khong Tayiji]]
{{div col end}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|2}}

=== Sources ===
* {{EB1911}}
* {{cite book |last=Karim |first=Abdul |year=2012 |chapter=Khan |chapter-url = http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Khan |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title = Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}
* [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=khan&searchmode=none Etymology OnLine]
* [http://www.4dw.net/royalark/index.html RoyalArk- see under each present country]
* [http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/ Princely states in British India] – look each up by name, in that section, BUT a taluq in Oudh in that section
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/ WorldStatesmen- see under each present country]

{{Use dmy dates |date = October 2010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan (Title)}}
[[Category:Monarchy]]
[[Category:Feudalism]]
[[Category:Heads of state]]
[[Category:Military ranks]]
[[Category:Royal titles]]
[[Category:Noble titles]]
[[Category:Titles in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]
[[Category:Titles in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Titles in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Titles in Iran]]
[[Category:Turkish titles]]
[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]]
[[Category:Turkic words and phrases]]
[[Category:Men's social titles]]
[[Category:Mongolian nobility]]
[[Category:Ottoman titles]]
[[Category:Rajput titles]]

Khan (title) - Değişiklik geçmişi

Admin: Yeni sayfa: "{{see also|Khagan|Khanate|Khan (surname)}} {{merge|Khagan|date=November 2016}} {{Expert needed|Central Asia|date=January 2009}} '''Khan''' ({{lang-mn|хан/{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠ..."